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EMPLOYMENT AND VOLUNTARY WORK
INTRODUCTION
There are several surveys undertaken by the ABS which measure aspects of employment. Each has a different purpose, with different definitions and varying collection methodologies. Data from several of these data sources are presented in this chapter which, when taken together, provide a good picture of employment and voluntary work in the cultural sector in Australia. This chapter focuses mainly on the persons who undertake paid work in cultural industries and occupations. Information is also presented on unpaid involvement which includes voluntary work. Different aspects of the cultural sector are selected from the data sources described below.
SOURCES OF DATA
The Census of Population and Housing
The 2011 Census of Population and Housing collected information on a person’s main job in the week prior to the Census (i.e. the one in which they usually worked the most hours). A range of demographic information including sex, age, birthplace, income, hours worked and state or territory of usual residence as well as details on occupation and industry are available from the Census. While this chapter provides some data from the Census on cultural employment, it is by no means exhaustive and substantially more can be found in the ABS publication Employment in Culture, Australia, 2011 (cat. no. 6273.0).
For the 2011 Census, occupation and industry data were dual coded. This gives users the option to use Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, First Edition, Revision 1 (ANZSCO) (cat. no. 1220.0) when analysing occupation data. Users can refer to Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (Revision 1.0) (cat. no. 1292.0) when analysing industry data.
The list of cultural occupations shown in this chapter is based on the Occupation Classification of the Australian Culture and Leisure Classifications 2008 (Second Edition) (ACLC) (cat. no. 4902.0). Occupations were selected because they require creative participation (e.g. sculptors and actors), or have a role in enabling others to participate in a cultural activity (e.g. librarians).
Survey of Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities
The survey of Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities was collected as a supplement to the monthly Labour Force Survey between 1993 and 2007. There were slight changes in methodology during this time. Unlike the Census, the survey covered all cultural work including second jobs and both paid and unpaid involvement. The survey asked people aged 15 years and over about their involvement in cultural activities over a 12 month period. Data from the most recent, and final, survey appears in the ABS publication Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities, Australia, Apr 2007 (cat. no. 6281.0).
Voluntary Work
The 2010 General Social Survey (GSS) contained a voluntary work module and collected information about volunteering for a range of organisations, including those relating to arts and heritage. Data relating to the demographic details of volunteers, their reasons for volunteering and the frequency and duration of their involvement were all collected. Summary results from the 2010 survey are published in Voluntary Work, Australia, 2010 (cat. no. 4441.0).
Service Industry Surveys
Different surveys collect information about different populations. The Census, Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities and Voluntary Work obtain their data from households whereas the Service Industry Surveys collected information from cultural organisations. These organisations were able to provide information on the number of people they employed and the number of volunteers whose services they used. The suite of Service Industry Surveys has been discontinued.
Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours
The May 2012 survey of Employee Earnings and Hours provides information on the composition and distribution of the earnings and hours of wage and salary earners. Data from this survey have been published in Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2012 (cat. no. 6306.0).
CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING
The 2011 Census of Population and Housing found there were approximately 310,723 persons whose main job in the week prior to Census night was in a cultural occupation, an increase of 9% from 284,793 persons employed in 2006. Of those employed in a cultural occupation, the largest numbers were Design workers (71,220) followed by Architects and urban planners (38,567).
According to the 2011 Census of Population and Housing, more males (53%) than females (47%) worked in cultural occupations. Some occupations have greater gender imbalances than others, for example more than 90% of all Sound technicians, Camera operators and Directors of photography were male and around 95% of all Make up artists were female. More information can be found in Employment in Culture, Australia, 2011 (cat. no. 6273.0).
PERSONS EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION(a)(b)(c), 2011
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| Occupation | Persons employed |
 | no. |
|
| Built, Collectable and Environmental Heritage Workers | 12 044 |
| Library and Archive Workers | 25 799 |
| Other Heritage Workers | 67 |
| Writers and Print Media Workers | 25 472 |
| Performing Artists and Music Composers | 16 029 |
| Performing Arts Support Workers | 17 957 |
| Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals | 15 360 |
| Architects and Urban Planners | 38 567 |
| Design Workers | 71 220 |
| Broadcasting, Film and Recorded Media Equipment Operators | 8 276 |
| Printing Workers | 24 048 |
| Other Arts Support Workers | 21 824 |
| Other Arts Workers | 5 083 |
| Other Cultural Occupations | 28 977 |
| Total Cultural Occupations | 310 723 |
(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
(b) In their main job in the week prior to Census Night.
(c) The cultural occupations included are a subset of the ANZSCO First Edition Alternative View Culture and Leisure. For more information see Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, First Edition, Revision 1 (ANZSCO) (cat. no. 1220.0).
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2011.
The Census also found that 358,162 persons worked in a cultural industry compared to 346,227 persons employed in 2006. Employment in cultural industries increased by 3%. The largest percentage increase in employment was in the Internet Publishing and broadcasting industry (96%). This was followed by a 43% increase in the Creative artists, musicians, writers and performers industry. The largest percentage decrease in employment was 31% in the Video and other electronic media rental and hiring industry followed by the Other publishing (except software, music and internet) industry at 26%.
The cultural industry that employed the most people was the Architectural services industry (33,835 persons), followed by the Advertising services industry (30,456 persons) and the Printing industry (30,344 persons). The smallest employing industries were Other publishing (except software, music and internet) (203 persons), Music publishing (295 persons) and Motion picture and video distribution (658 persons).
PERSONS EMPLOYED IN CULTURAL INDUSTRIES(a)(b)(c)(d), 2006 and 2011
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| Persons 2006 | Persons 2011 | Percentage Change |
| no. | no. | % |
|
| Libraries and Archives | 7 007 | 7 344 | 4.8 |
| Museum Operation | 6 414 | 7 515 | 17.2 |
| Zoological and Botanical Gardens Operation | 2 570 | 3 190 | 24.1 |
| Nature Reserves and Conservation Parks Operation | 6 143 | 7 384 | 20.2 |
| Printing | 37 542 | 30 344 | -19.2 |
| Newspaper Publishing | 26 571 | 23 471 | -11.7 |
| Magazine and Other Periodical Publishing | 8 576 | 8 019 | -6.5 |
| Internet Publishing and Broadcasting | 1 160 | 2 275 | 96.1 |
| Book Publishing | 6 374 | 6 090 | -4.5 |
| Other Publishing (except Software, Music and Internet) | 274 | 203 | -25.9 |
| Book and Magazine Wholesaling | 3 622 | 2 858 | -21.1 |
| Entertainment Media Retailing | 5 632 | 4 970 | -11.8 |
| Newspaper and Book Retailing | 28 011 | 24 406 | -12.9 |
| Architectural Services | 30 088 | 33 835 | 12.5 |
| Advertising Services | 27 653 | 30 456 | 10.1 |
| Other Specialised Design Services | 18 633 | 22 467 | 20.6 |
| Motion Picture and Video Distribution | 871 | 658 | -24.5 |
| Motion Picture and Video Production | 7 363 | 8 702 | 18.2 |
| Motion Picture Exhibition | 8 903 | 9 872 | 10.9 |
| Post-Production Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Activities | 897 | 1 207 | 34.6 |
| Music Publishing | 237 | 295 | 24.5 |
| Music and Other Sound Recording Activities | 815 | 852 | 4.5 |
| Reproduction of Recorded Media | 2 288 | 1 947 | -14.9 |
| Radio Broadcasting | 5 224 | 5 480 | 4.9 |
| Free-to-Air Television Broadcasting | 12 649 | 14 057 | 11.1 |
| Cable and Other Subscription Broadcasting | 2 927 | 3 239 | 10.7 |
| Performing Arts Operation | 4 318 | 5 450 | 26.2 |
| Creative Artists, Musicians, Writers and Performers | 14 479 | 20 690 | 42.9 |
| Performing Arts Venue Operation | 2 674 | 3 372 | 26.1 |
| Video and Other Electronic Media Rental and Hiring | 10 975 | 7 552 | -31.2 |
| Professional Photographic Services | 7 114 | 9 288 | 30.6 |
| Arts Education | 15 704 | 17 562 | 11.8 |
| Religious Services | 27 556 | 27 492 | -0.2 |
| Funeral, Crematorium and Cemetery Services | 4 963 | 5 620 | 13.2 |
| Total cultural industries | 346 227 | 358 162 | 3.4 |
(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
(b) In their main job in the week prior to Census Night.
(c) Industries defined by the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006, (Revision 1.0) (cat. no. 1292.0).
(d) Includes not stated or inadequately described.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2011.
The 2011 Census found that 3.1% of employed persons (310,725 persons) in Australia worked in a cultural occupation. The Census also found that some 3.6% of employed people (358,162 persons) worked in a cultural industry. In 2011, a large proportion of persons employed in a cultural occupation worked in a non-cultural industry (42.3% or 131,318 persons). A librarian employed in a university is an example of a cultural occupation within a non-cultural industry.
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PERSONS EMPLOYED IN CULTURAL OCCUPATIONS(a)(b)(c), By whether working in cultural industries(d), 2011
| Occupations | Total Cultural industries | Non-cultural industries | All industries |
| no. | no. | no. |
|
| Built, Collectable and Environmental Heritage Workers | 5 478 | 6 398 | 12 044 |
| Library and Archive Workers | 5 720 | 19 950 | 25 798 |
| Other Heritage workers | 34 | 32 | 66 |
| Writers and Print Media Workers | 17 620 | 7 368 | 25 474 |
| Performing Artists and Music Composers | 11 446 | 4 138 | 16 031 |
| Performing Arts Support Workers | 13 944 | 3 715 | 17 961 |
| Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals | 11 518 | 3 608 | 15 360 |
| Architects and Urban Planners | 22 613 | 15 715 | 38 566 |
| Design Workers | 31 015 | 38 886 | 71 214 |
| Broadcasting, Film and Recorded Media Equipment Operators | 5 559 | 2 425 | 8 275 |
| Printing Workers | 15 503 | 8 209 | 24 048 |
| Other Arts Support Workers | 14 447 | 7 015 | 21 821 |
| Other Arts Workers | 3 218 | 1 664 | 5 086 |
| Other Cultural | 16 246 | 12 195 | 28 981 |
| Total Cultural occupations | 174 361 | 131 318 | 310 725 |
| Non-cultural occupations | 181 142 | 9 217 239 | 9 558 585 |
| All occupations | 358 162 | 9 466 280 | 10 058 325 |
(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
(b) In their main job in the week prior to Census Night.
(c) Industries defined by the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (Revision 1.0) (cat. no. 1292.0).
(d) The cultural occupations included are a subset of the ANZSCO First Edition Alternative View Culture and Leisure. For more information see ANZSCO - Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, First Edition, Revision 1 (cat. no. 1220.0).
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2011
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WORK IN SELECTED CULTURE AND LEISURE ACTIVITIES SURVEY
Due to the large number of people involved in the cultural sector through second jobs and unpaid work, the Census was unable to fully represent employment within this sector. To account for this, the ABS conducted a survey to collect more information on all the ways in which people could be involved in the sector.
Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities, Australia, Apr 2007 (cat. no. 6281.0) found that there were about 3.5 million people (22% of the population aged 15 years and over) in Australia who had worked in a culture or leisure activity in the 12 months prior to interview. Of these, some 701,800 stated that their involvement was part of their main job.
It should be noted that this involvement could have been a relatively minor part of the job the person held (e.g. taking photographs for inclusion in their organisation's newsletter). Involvement was defined to exclude those activities undertaken only for the person's own, family's or friends' use - these were classed as hobbies.
INVOLVEMENT BY PAYMENT STATUS AND STATE OR TERRITORY(a), By sex, 12 months ending April 2007
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| | | Some paid involvement(b) | Unpaid involvement only | Total persons involved(c) | Persons with no involvement | Total persons | Participation rate |
| | | '000 | '000 | '000 | '000 | '000 | % |
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|
| MALES | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | New South Wales | 166.4 | 325.7 | 497.9 | 2 181.7 | 2 679.7 | 18.6 |
| | Victoria | 134.1 | 242.5 | 382.4 | 1 630.7 | 2 013.1 | 19.0 |
| | Queensland | 102.3 | 188.8 | 296.1 | 1 276.7 | 1 572.8 | 18.8 |
| | South Australia | 36.3 | 88.1 | 127.1 | 483.8 | 610.9 | 20.8 |
| | Western Australia | 51.6 | 95.3 | 150.3 | 644.6 | 794.9 | 18.9 |
| | Tasmania | 9.4 | 32.8 | 42.6 | 146.4 | 189.0 | 22.5 |
| | Northern Territory | *6.3 | 8.0 | 14.3 | 44.2 | 58.5 | 24.4 |
| | Australian Capital Territory | 12.9 | 19.2 | 32.5 | 92.9 | 125.4 | 25.9 |
| | Australia | 519.3 | 1 000.4 | 1 543.1 | 6 501.1 | 8 044.2 | 19.2 |
| FEMALES | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | New South Wales | 177.1 | 442.6 | 624.3 | 2 129.3 | 2 753.6 | 22.7 |
| | Victoria | 144.7 | 344.5 | 494.9 | 1 593.6 | 2 088.5 | 23.7 |
| | Queensland | 103.0 | 277.5 | 383.9 | 1 210.0 | 1 594.0 | 24.1 |
| | South Australia | 38.9 | 126.3 | 167.3 | 462.4 | 629.7 | 26.6 |
| | Western Australia | 48.5 | 154.3 | 203.6 | 600.9 | 804.6 | 25.3 |
| | Tasmania | 10.7 | 41.4 | 52.3 | 144.4 | 196.7 | 26.6 |
| | Northern Territory | 6.6 | 10.9 | 17.5 | 38.0 | 55.5 | 31.5 |
| | Australian Capital Territory | 13.3 | 30.6 | 44.0 | 87.6 | 131.6 | 33.5 |
| | Australia | 542.8 | 1 428.2 | 1 987.9 | 6 266.4 | 8 254.3 | 24.1 |
| PERSONS | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | New South Wales | 343.5 | 768.3 | 1 122.2 | 4 311.1 | 5 433.3 | 20.7 |
| | Victoria | 278.8 | 587.1 | 877.3 | 3 224.3 | 4 101.6 | 21.4 |
| | Queensland | 205.3 | 466.4 | 680.1 | 2 486.7 | 3 166.8 | 21.5 |
| | South Australia | 75.3 | 214.4 | 294.3 | 946.2 | 1 240.5 | 23.7 |
| | Western Australia | 100.0 | 249.6 | 353.9 | 1 245.5 | 1 599.4 | 22.1 |
| | Tasmania | 20.1 | 74.2 | 94.9 | 290.8 | 385.7 | 24.6 |
| | Northern Territory | 12.9 | 18.9 | 31.8 | 82.2 | 114.0 | 27.9 |
| | Australian Capital Territory | 26.2 | 49.8 | 76.5 | 180.5 | 257.0 | 29.8 |
| | Australia | 1 062.1 | 2 428.6 | 3 531.0 | 12 767.4 | 16 298.5 | 21.7 |
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| * estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution |
| (a) Involvement is for 12 months prior to interview. |
| (b) Includes persons who only received goods or services as payment. |
| (c) Includes persons who did not state whether involvement was paid. |
| Source: Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities, Australia, Apr 2007 (cat. no. 6281.0) |
There were 360,300 people who had some paid involvement in culture and leisure activities in the 12 months prior to interview who stated that the activity was not related to their main job held in the last week. For example, many people worked as Live performers (65,700) Writers (56,400) or Designers (49,100), in addition to their primary job.
The most common types of cultural activities which formed part of the person's main job were Design (230,700 people), Writing (184,300 people), Creating artworks with a computer (98,400 people) and Designing web sites (83,300 people).
PERSONS WITH PAID INVOLVEMENTS(a)(b), Type of activity by whether part of main job(c), 12 months ending April 2007
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|
| | | Activity part of main job(c) | Activity not part of main job(c) | Total persons with some paid involvement |
| | | ('000) | ('000) | ('000) |
|
| Heritage | | | |
| Museums | 8 | 1 | 10 |
| Public art galleries | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| Libraries and archives | 29 | 7 | *36 |
| Heritage organisations | 4 | *6 | **10 |
| Botanic gardens | *7 | **3 | 9 |
| National parks and reserves | **8 | 5 | 13 |
| Zoos and aquaria | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| Total heritage(d) | 60 | 23 | 84 |
| Arts | | | |
| Visual art activities | | | |
| | Drawing | 65 | 28 | 92 |
| | Painting | 28 | 30 | 58 |
| | Sculpture | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| | Photography | 53 | 34 | 87 |
| | Print-making | 22 | 4 | 26 |
| | Creating artworks with a computer | 98 | 39 | 137 |
| | Other visual art activities | 11 | 7 | 18 |
| | Total visual art activities(d) | 185 | 97 | 282 |
| Craft activities | | | |
| | Pottery and ceramics | 14 | 3 | 17 |
| | Textiles | 23 | 17 | 40 |
| | Jewellery making | 10 | 23 | 33 |
| | Furniture-making and wood crafts | 36 | 16 | 52 |
| | Glass crafts | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| | Other craft activities | 14 | 11 | 25 |
| | Total craft activities(d) | 74 | 65 | 139 |
| Writing | 184 | 56 | 241 |
| Publishing | 81 | 25 | 106 |
| Performing arts | | | |
| | Performer | 13 | 26 | 39 |
| | No involvement as performer | 23 | 15 | 38 |
| | Total performing arts(d) | 36 | 41 | 77 |
| Music | | | |
| | Live performer | 25 | 66 | 91 |
| | No involvement as live performer | 20 | 9 | 28 |
| | Total music(d) | 45 | 74 | 119 |
| Radio | 11 | 14 | 25 |
| Television | 20 | 24 | 43 |
| Film production | 16 | 19 | 35 |
| Cinema and video distribution | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| Designing websites | 83 | 29 | 112 |
| Designing computer games and other interactive software | 34 | 6 | 40 |
| Design | 231 | 49 | 280 |
| Teaching | 65 | 46 | 111 |
| Festival organising | 51 | 32 | 83 |
| Art or craft show organising | 23 | 13 | 36 |
| Government arts departments and agencies | 14 | 6 | 20 |
| Total arts(d) | 669 | 347 | 1 016 |
| Total(d) | 702 | 360 | 1 062 |
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| * estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution |
| ** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and is considered too unreliable for general use |
| (a) Involvement is for 12 months prior to interview. |
| (b) Includes persons who only received goods or services as payment. |
| (c) Main job held in the week prior to interview. If the person held multiple jobs during this week, it was the respondent's decision as to which was the main job. |
| (d) Components may not add to totals as some persons were involved in more than one activity. |
Source: Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities, Australia, Apr 2007 (cat. no. 6281.0)
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VOLUNTARY WORK
Some cultural industries rely heavily on the activities of volunteers to assist their paid workforce. The voluntary work module within the General Social Survey (GSS) defined a volunteer as someone who willingly gave unpaid help in the form of time, services or skills, through an organisation or group. Results from the 2010 GSS found that 6.1 million people (36% of the Australian population aged 18 years and over) undertook some sort of voluntary work in the 12 months prior to interview. Some 403,900 people (7% of the population) undertook voluntary work for heritage and arts organisations.
PERSONS UNDERTAKING VOLUNTARY WORK FOR HERITAGE AND ARTS ORGANISATIONS, 2010
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 | Number of volunteers | Percent of the population |
 | '000 | % |
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| Males | 200.2 | 7.0 |
| Females | 203.7 | 6.3 |
| Persons | 403.9 | 6.6 |
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| Source: Voluntary Work, Australia, 2010 (cat. no. 4441.0) |
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SERVICE INDUSTRY SURVEYS
The Service Industry Surveys collect information from employers in selected cultural industries. The table below displays the number of employees in these industries. Care must be taken when interpreting these figures as different industries were surveyed in different years.
According to Film, Television and Digital Games, Australia, 2011-12, the Film and video production industry was the highest employing industry with 13,414 employees in 2011-12. Other cultural industries with large numbers of employees were Public libraries (12,471 employees in 2003-04) and Television services (10,032 employees in 2006-07).
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PERSONS EMPLOYED IN SELECTED CULTURAL INDUSTRIES, Various years
| | | Full-time | Part-time and casual | Working proprietors and partners of unincorporated businesses | Salaried directors of incorporated businesses | Total |
| | | no. | no. | no. | no. | no. |
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| June 2012 | | | | | |
| Film and video
 | | | | | |
| | Production services | na | na | na | na | 13 414 |
| | Post-production services | na | na | na | na | 2 346 |
| Television services(a) | | | | | |
|  | Commercial television broadcasting | na | na | na | na | 7 856 |
| June 2008 | | | | | |
| Museums and art galleries | 3 608 | 4 248 | na | na | 7 856 |
| June 2007 |
| Performing arts operation | 2 658 | 3 223 | 291 | 396 | 6 569 |
| Performing arts venue operation | 1 472 | 4 367 | na | 38 | 5 876 |
| Television services(a) |
| | Commercial television broadcasting | 5 086 | 1 894 | na | na | 6 980 |
| | Subscription television broadcasting | na | na | na | na | 3 052 |
| June 2004 |
 | Public libraries(b) | 5 889 | 6 583 | na | na | 12 471 |
| June 2003 |
| Performing arts festivals | 345 | 927 | na | na | 1 272 |
|
| na not available |
| (a) Excludes public television broadcasters and community broadcasters. |
| (b) Excludes national and state archives, special libraries and libraries located in educational institutions. |
| Source: Museums, Australia, 2007-08 (cat. no. 8560.0); Performing Arts, Australia, 2006-07 (cat. no. 8697.0); Public Libraries, Australia, 2003-04 (cat. no. 8561.0); Film, Television and Digital Games, Australia, 2011-12 (cat. no. 8679.0). |
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Many cultural industries are run as commercial operations and are exclusively staffed by paid employees. A few industries, however, rely heavily on the assistance of volunteers. The Service Industry Surveys found that 23,426 volunteers helped in the running of Museums during June 2008, which is more than three times the number of people with paid employment in the industry at that time. Similarly, 6,582 people undertook voluntary work for Performing arts operations during June 2007. This was slightly more than the number of paid employees (6,569).
Some 6,853 people undertook voluntary work for Public libraries during June 2004, which is approximately one volunteer for every two paid employees. Performing arts venue operations employed 5,876 people in 2007, with an additional 1,935 people volunteering in this industry.
EMPLOYEE EARNINGS AND HOURS
Data pertaining to the earnings of wage and salary earners by occupation is available from the ABS publication Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2012 (cat. no. 6306.0). Results from the May 2012 Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours indicate that Arts professionals who worked as full-time employees (excluding those who were self-employed), worked an average of 37.5 hours per week and had weekly earnings of $1,699.80. Media professionals worked an average of 38.2 hours per week and Printing trades workers worked an average of 37.7 hours per week. By comparison, all wage and salary earners worked an average of 37.9 hours per week with earnings totalling $1,297.20.
For more detailed occupation data, the 2011 Census of Population and Housing would be a more appropriate source.
FULL–TIME ADULT NON–MANAGERIAL EMPLOYEES(a), Earnings and hours(b), 2012
| Males | | Females | | Total | |
| $ | hours | $ | hours | $ | hours |
|
| Arts professionals | 1 271.60 | 37.1 | *2 305.80 | 38.0 | 1 699.80 | 37.5 |
| Media professionals | 1 826.40 | np | np | np | np | 38.2 |
| Printing trades workers | 1 023.70 | np | np | np | np | 37.7 |
| All occupations | 1 356.30 | 38.3 | 1 207.30 | 37.5 | 1 297.20 | 37.9 |
* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution
np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated
(a) Selected cultural occupations based on ANZSCO (First edition 2006).
(b) Average weekly total earnings and hours paid for ordinary time. Comprises regular wages and salaries in cash, including amounts salary sacrificed. Excluded are non-cash components of salary packages, over-time payments, retrospective pay, pay in advance, leave loadings, severance pay, and termination and redundancy payments.
Source: Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2012 (cat. no. 6306.0) |
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